Professional shipping procedures by China Seacoast Logistics, 

What are the international shipping procedures??

1. Marine export transport work, in the CIF or CFR terms of the transaction, the seller to arrange transport, its work procedures are as follows.

　　(1) review the shipment terms in the letter of credit: In order to make the shipment work smoothly, after receiving the letter of credit, must review the relevant shipment terms in the certificate, such as shipment period, settlement period, port of shipment, port of destination, whether it can be transshipment or batch shipment and whether to specify the shipping company, the name of the ship, the ship's registry and class of ship, etc., some of the incoming certificate requires the provision of various certificates, such as route certificate, ship's registry certificate, etc., to these terms and provisions I should

According to China's policy, international practice, whether the requirements are reasonable and or whether it can be done to consider accepting or requesting amendments.

　　(2) Preparation of goods for inspection: According to the export contract and the letter of credit on the variety of goods, specifications, quantity, packaging and other provisions, on time, according to the quality and quantity of export goods should be prepared, and do a good job to apply for inspection and receive the certificate work. Refrigerated goods to do a good job of cooling, to ensure that the loading of the ship to meet the temperature requirements. In China, where included in the commodity inspection agency "type table" in the goods and according to the letter of credit, trade contracts required by the commodity inspection agency to issue a certificate of goods, are required before export customs clearance, fill out the "export inspection application" to apply for commodity inspection. Some export commodities need to identify the weight, some need to carry out animal and plant quarantine or health, safety inspection, should be done in advance, to obtain a qualified inspection certificate. Do the preparatory work before shipment, the goods have been complete, you can handle the consignment work.

　　(3) consignment booking: the preparation of export consignment note, you can apply to the freight forwarder for booking procedures. Freight forwarder according to the specific requirements of the cargo owner according to the route classification, timely booking to the shipping company or its agent. The cargo owner can also directly to the shipping company or its agent booking. When the shipping company or its agent signs the loading order, the booking work is completed, it means that the contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier has been concluded.

　　(4) insurance: after the goods are booked in the hold, the seller's insurance, you can apply for the insurance procedures of cargo transportation insurance. Insurance amount is usually the invoice CIF price plus 10% of the insurance (plus the number of buyers and sellers according to the agreement, if not agreed, then generally add 10% insurance).

　　(5) Cargo concentration in the port: When the ship arrives at the port loading plan is determined, in accordance with the port into the notice and within the specified period, the shipper to complete the set of procedures, the export of goods will be transported to the port in a timely manner to concentrate, waiting for loading, so that the batch is clear, the number of pieces is clear, the logo is clear. Pay special attention to maintain close contact with the port area, shipping companies and related transport companies or railroads and other units, to complete the incoming goods on time, to prevent the work of disconnection and affect the progress of ship loading.

　　(6) Customs declaration: After the goods are concentrated in the port area, the export goods declaration prepared together with the loading list, invoice, packing list, commodity inspection certificate, foreign sales contract, foreign exchange cancellation list and other relevant documents to the customs declaration of exports, by the customs officers to check and pass the release before loading.

　　(7) loading work: before loading, the cargo handler, on behalf of the ship, collects the loading and receiving orders of the goods released by the customs, after sorting, according to the accumulation chart and manifest, pick up the goods in batches and load the ship. In the process of loading, the freight forwarder entrusted by the shipper should have someone on site to supervise the loading, keep track of the loading progress and deal with the temporary problems. When the loading is finished, the cargo handling team leader should sign the receiving list together with the ship's first officer and hand it over to the shipper. If the cargo handler finds that a batch has defects or poor packaging, that is, the endorsement on the receipt, and signed by the first officer, in order to determine the responsibility of the ship and cargo. But as the shipper, should try to fight not to endorse on the receipt to obtain a clean bill of lading.

　　(8) loading is completed, the shipper in addition to the consignee issued a notice of loading, you can use the consignee to the shipping company or its agent to exchange for the bill of lading has been loaded, at which point the transport work is over.

　　(9) the bill of exchange: the contract or the letter of credit will be prepared after the settlement of documents, in the contract or the letter of credit provisions of the negotiation of payment within the effective period, to the bank to deliver a single, for the settlement of foreign exchange procedures.

2. Container transport export procedures.

　　(1) booking - the consignor according to the terms of the trade contract or letter of credit, in a certain period of time before the consignment of goods to fill out the container cargo consignment note (CONTAINER BOOKING NOTE) commissioned by its agent or directly to the shipping company to apply for booking.

　　(2) accept the consignment application - the shipping company or the starting agent company according to their own capacity, routes and other specific circumstances to consider the requirements of the consignor, decide to accept or not, if the application is accepted to proceed to compile a list of cabin, and then distributed to the container yard (CY), container freight station (CFS), according to the arrangement of empty boxes and for freight handover.

　　(3) the issuance of empty boxes - usually the whole cargo freight empty boxes by the consignor to the container terminal yard to receive, some owners have their own boxes; LCL cargo freight empty boxes by the container freight station is responsible for receiving.

　　(4) LCL cargo boxing - the consignor will be less than a full container of goods handed over to the freight station, the freight station according to the booking list and field receipts are responsible for boxing, and then the container packing list prepared by the boxer (CONTAINER LOAD PLAN).

　　(5) the whole container goods handover - the consignor is responsible for their own container, and will have been added to the customs seal of the whole container cargo to CY. CY according to the booking list, check the field station receipt (DOCK RECEIPT D / R) and packing list acceptance of goods.

　　(6) Visa for container handover - CY or CFS signs the DOCK RECEIPT and returns the signed D/R to the consignor after acceptance of the cargo and/or the container.

　　(7) exchange for bill of lading - the consignor with D / R to the container transport operator or its agent to exchange for a bill of lading (COMBINED TRANSPORT BILL OF LADING), and then go to the bank for settlement.

　　(8) loading - container handling area according to the loading situation, the development of loading plans, and out of the transport of boxes to adjust to the container terminal in front of the yard, after the ship docked, you can load the ship out of the transport.

3. The main freight documents and their production:

　　(1) consignment note (SHIPPING NOTE - B / N) some places called "under the cargo paper", is the shipper according to the terms of the trade contract and letter of credit filled out, to the carrier or its agent for the consignment of goods documents. The carrier according to the contents of the consignment note, and combined with the ship's route, port of call, ship time and space and other conditions, that is, after the acceptance of the consignment. Consignment note production should pay attention to: (1) the port of destination: the name must be clear and specific, and consistent with the description of the letter of credit, such as the same name of the port, the port name must be followed by the country, region or state, city. If the letter of credit stipulates that the port of destination is an OPTIONAL PORTS, it should be the basic port of call on the same route and on the same voyage.

　　(2) Transportation number, i.e., the number of the power of attorney.

　　Each shipper with import and export rights has a consignment code (usually also a commercial invoice number) for checking and financial settlement.　　(3) Name of the goods

　　Should be based on the actual name of the goods, fill in both Chinese and English, more importantly, to match the name of the goods listed in the letter of credit.

　　(4) mark and number, also known as mark (SHIPPING MARK), is to facilitate the identification of goods, to prevent the wrong shipment, usually by the model, the short name of the graphic goods receiving unit, the destination port, the number of pieces or batch number, etc..

　　(5) weight size. The unit of weight is kilograms, the size of cubic meters.

　　(6) pallet goods to indicate the weight of the tray, size and the weight of the goods themselves, size, for extra-long, extra-heavy, extra-high cargo, should provide details of each piece of cargo volume (length, width, height) and the weight of each piece, so that the freight company to calculate the cargo accumulation factors, to arrange special loading equipment.

　　(7) Freight payment methods. Generally there are freight prepaid (FREIGHT PREPAID) and freight paid on arrival (FREIGHT COLLECT). Some transshipment cargo, one way transport costs prepaid, two way freight to pay, to be specified separately.

　　(8) Can be transferred, divided into batches, as well as loading period, validity period, etc. should be indicated in accordance with the requirements of the letter of credit or contract.

　　(9) Notice to the person, the consignee, as necessary to decide whether to fill.

　　(10) the terms of transport, booking, loading letters of credit customers have special requirements should also be listed.

　　(2) loading order (SHIPPING ORDER - S / O)

　　Is accepted by the shipper to apply for shipment of the shipping company, issued to the shipper, with the order to the captain of the cargo to be shipped on board the document. Loading order can be used as the basis for loading, but also the owner of the goods to the customs declaration procedures for export of one of the main documents.

　　(3) receipt (MATES RECEIPT - M / R).

　　Also known as first officer's receipt, is the receipt of goods received by the ship and the proof that the goods have been loaded on board.

　　As the above three documents of the main items are basically the same, so the practice in some major ports in China is that they will be made into a joint single, a single, both to reduce the workload, but also to reduce errors.

　　(4) loading list (LOADING LIST)

　　Is the carrier according to the loading list to stay at the bottom, the whole ship to be loaded cargo according to the destination port and the nature of the goods grouped, according to the voyage, the order of the port to prepare the loading list summary list, is the ship's first officer to prepare the main basis for the allocation plan, but also for the site cargo management personnel for cargo management, the port side to arrange barging, in and out of the warehouse and the carrier to master the business documents. 

　　(5) bill of lading (DELIVERY ORDER - D / O)

　　Also known as a small bill of lading. The consignee with the original bill of lading or a copy of the bill of lading with a valid guarantee to the carrier or its agent in exchange for, can be extracted from the port handling department of the goods. Issued a small bill of lading should do: (1) the original bill of lading held by the legal holder (2) the bill of lading on the non-clean endorsement should be transferred on the small bill of lading. (3) when the occurrence of overflow short residual situation, the consignee has the right to the carrier or its agent to obtain the appropriate

visa. (4) the freight is not paid, the consignee should pay the freight and related costs before releasing a small bill of lading. 

(6) sea bill of lading (BILL OF LADING - B/L) bill of lading is the carrier or its agent should be the shipper's request issued by the goods receipt (RECEIPT OF GOODS), in the goods into its care after the issue, proof of receipt of the goods listed on the bill of lading; is a certificate of ownership of goods (DOCUMENT OF TITLE). The holder of the bill of lading can be used to extract the goods, but also with this to the bank deposit, but also in the cargo ship arrived at the port of destination before delivery for transfer; is the carrier and shipper proof of the contract of carriage between.

　　Types of sea waybill of lading.

　　1. According to whether the goods have been loaded on board, can be divided into loaded bill of lading (SHIPPED ON BORAD B/L) and standby bill of lading (RECEIVEDFOR SHIPMENT B/L). The former refers to the goods have been loaded on board the bill of lading issued, and the latter refers to the carrier has taken over the goods and ready for shipment when the bill of lading issued, so also known as the receipt of the bill of lading to be shipped. In the trade contract, the buyer generally requires the seller to provide the bill of lading has been loaded, because the bill of lading has been loaded on the ship's name and date of shipment, the consignee on time to receive the goods have protection.

　　2. According to the appearance of goods with or without bad endorsement, the bill of lading can be divided into clean bill of lading (CLEANB/L) and unclean bill of lading (UNCLEAN OR FOUL B/L). The former refers to the goods loaded on the surface in good condition, generally without the addition of obvious that the goods and / or packaging defects endorsement of the bill of lading. In foreign trade, the bank for security reasons, when negotiating the payment of goods are required to provide clean bill of lading. The latter refers to the carrier in the bill of lading has been added to the goods and / or packaging conditions or defects and other endorsements of the bill of lading. 

　　3. According to different modes of transport, the bill of lading can be divided into direct bill of lading (DIRECT B/L), transshipment bill of lading (TRANSHIPMENT B/L), intermodal bill of lading (THROUGH B//L) and joint transport bill of lading (COMBINED TRANSPORT B/L), etc.. Direct bill of lading is issued by the carrier from the port of origin to the ship directly to the port of destination of the bill of lading. If the port of origin of the cargo ship not directly to the port of destination, must be in the port of transfer to change another ship to the port of destination when the bill of lading issued, known as the transfer bill of lading. If the goods need to be transported by two or more than two sections to reach the destination port, and one of them is the sea, such as land and sea, air and sea transport or sea and sea transport issued by the bill of lading known as intermodal bill of lading. So the transfer bill of lading is actually a kind of intermodal bill of lading. And combined transport must be two or more different modes of transport when the coherent transport, the carrier issued by the bill of lading for goods. Therefore, the joint transport bill of lading is also called multimodal bill of lading. At present, in the actual business, many shipping companies to combine the bill of lading and joint transport bill of lading using the same format, only when used as a joint transport bill of lading, the bill of lading must be listed on the port of origin and destination, but also list the place of receipt, delivery and the name of the former means of transport. 

4. According to the bill of lading payable to different, bill of lading can be divided into named bill of lading (STRAIGHT B / L), bearer bill of lading BEARER B / L) and instructions to bill of lading (ORDER B / L). Named bill of lading in the consignee column listed in the name of the consignee, so also known as the consignee of the bill of lading, this bill of lading can not be transferred by endorsement, and the goods can only be delivered with the consignee listed, bearer bill of lading is not listed on the bill of lading consignee name of the bill of lading, who holds the bill of lading, who can withdraw goods from the carrier with the bill of lading, the carrier delivery is with a single not with the person. Instructions on the bill of lading does not list the consignee, can be transferred by endorsement, which is conducive to the turnover of funds, more common in international trade applications. Bill of lading endorsement (ENDORSMENT) has a blank endorsement and a registered endorsement of two kinds. Blank endorsement is endorsed by the endorser (i.e., the transfer of the bill of lading) on the back of the bill of lading signed by the name of the endorser's unit and the person in charge of the signature, but does not indicate the name of the endorsee, but also do not have to obtain the approval of the original bill of lading issuer. Indicate that the bill of lading can be transferred by endorsement, which means that the endorser confirms the transfer of ownership of the bill of lading. In addition to the blank endorsement required by the endorser's signature, but also indicate the name of the endorsed. If the endorser is then transferred, must be endorsed again. Directs the bill of lading with the shipper's instructions, with the consignee's instructions and with the importing bank instructions, etc., the shipper, consignee or the importing bank to endorse before the transfer or delivery.

　　In addition, there are also divided into full-form bill of lading and simple bill of lading; freight prepaid bill of lading and freight to pay bill of lading; original bill of lading and copy of the bill of lading; charterparty under the bill of lading; deck bill of lading, reverse bill of lading, pre-borrowed bill of lading, etc., not listed here. 

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